European Dictatorships 1918-1945

European Dictatorships 1918–1945surveys the extraordinary circumstances leading to, and arising from, the transformation of over half of Europe’s states to dictatorships between the first and the second world wars. From the notorious dictatorships of Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin to less well-known states and leaders, Stephen J. Lee scrutinizes the experiences of Russia, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Central and Eastern European states. This fourth edition has been fully revised and updated throughout. New material for this edition includesthe most recent research on individual dictatorshipsa new chapter on the experiences of Europe’s democracies at the hands of Germany, Italy and Russiaan expanded chapter on Spaina new section on dictatorships beyond Europe, exploring the European and indigenous roots of dictatorships in Latin America, Asia and Africa.Extensively illustrated with images, maps, tables and a comparative timeline, and supported by a companion website providing further resources for study (www.routledge.com/cw/lee&lt), European Dictatorships 1918–1945is a clear, detailed and highly accessible analysis of the tumultuous events of early twentieth-century Europe.