{"product_id":"reasons-from-within","title":"Reasons from Within","description":"\u003cp\u003eDo the reasons we have for acting as we do derive from our concerns and desires, or are there objective values in the world that we are rationally required to pursue and protect?  Alan H. Goldman argues for the internalist or subjectivist view of practical reasons on the grounds that it is simpler, more unified, and more comprehensible than the rival objectivist position.  He provides a naturalistic account of practical rationality in terms of coherence within sets\n\u003cbr\u003eof desires or motivational states, and between motivations, intentions, and actions.  Coherence is defined as the avoidance of self-defeat, the defeat of one's own deepest concerns.  The demand for\n\u003cbr\u003ecoherence underlies both practical and theoretical reason and derives from the natural aims of belief and action.  In clarifying which desires create reasons, drawing on the literature of cognitive psychology, Goldman offers conceptual analyses of desires, emotions, and attitudes.  Reasons are seen to derive ultimately from our deepest occurrent concerns.  These concerns require no reasons themselves but provide reasons for many more superficial desires. In defense of this\n\u003cbr\u003etheory, Goldman argues that rational agents need not be morally motivated or concerned for their narrow self-interest.  Objective values would demand such concern.  They would be independent of our\n\u003cbr\u003edesires but would provide reasons for us to pursue and protect them.  They would require rational agents to be motivated by them.  But, Goldman argues, we are not motivated in that way, and it makes no sense to demand that our informed and coherent desires be generally other than they are.  We need not appeal to such objective values in order to explain how our lives can be good and meaningful.Reasons from Within will appeal to anyone interested in the nature of\n\u003cbr\u003evalues and reasons, particularly students of philosophy, psychology, and decision theory.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46059335680238,"sku":"9780199576906","price":123.93,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0630\/9612\/7726\/files\/9780199576906.jpg?v=1736496646","url":"https:\/\/bookland.com.au\/products\/reasons-from-within","provider":"Book Land AU","version":"1.0","type":"link"}