{"product_id":"customs-and-excise","title":"Customs and Excise","description":"\u003cp\u003eAsis book traces the growth of customs and excise, and their integral role in shaping the framework of industrial England; including state power, technical advance, and the evolution of a consumer society.  Central to this structure was the development of two economies - one legal and one illicit.  If there was a unique English pathway of industrialization, it was less a distinct entrepreneurial and techno-centric culture, than one predominantly defined within an\n\u003cbr\u003einstitutional framework spearheaded by the excise and a wall of tariffs.  This process reached its peak by the end of the 1770s.  The structure then quickly started to crumble under the weight of the\n\u003cbr\u003efiscal-military state, and Pitt's calculated policy of concentrating industrial policy around cotton, potteries, and iron - at the expense of other taxed industries.  The breakthrough of the new political economy was the erosion of the illicit economy; the smugglers' free trade now became the state's most powerful weapon in the war against non-legal trade.  If at the beginning of the period covered by this book state administration was predominantly deregulated and industry regulated, by the\n\u003cbr\u003eclose the reverse was the case.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44082419073262,"sku":"9780199259212","price":494.12,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0630\/9612\/7726\/files\/9780199259212.jpg?v=1706213757","url":"https:\/\/bookland.com.au\/products\/customs-and-excise","provider":"Book Land AU","version":"1.0","type":"link"}